Israel vs Hamas conflict

Israel vs Palestine conflict

Whole World is worried regarding the ongoing Israel Vs Palestine Conflict 2023 which started after the Hamas Group targeted the major cities of Israel with almost 3000 Rockets in 20 Minutes on 7th October 2023. As we all know Israel responded against a sudden attack launched by the Palestinian Militant Group Hamas early Saturday morning by Bombarding the Gaza Strip with airstrikes on Monday. Israeli ministers have declared a “Complete siege” on the already blockaded and destitute Gaza Strip, denying its two millions residents a supply of food, water and electricity. Hamas has also kidnapped more than one hundred Israeli citizens, soldiers and foreigners. To know more about the Israel Vs Palestine Conflict 2023, Israel Vs Palestine History, Israel Gaza Conflict , Israel Vs Hamas Conflict Reason, Israel Hamas War 2023 Update, Israel Vs Palestine War 2023 Death Toll. 

 Following the outbreak of war between Israel and Hamas on October 7, 2023, President Joe Biden made a strong statement of support for Israel. On the same day that Israel declared war against the terrorist group, the United States announced that it would send renewed shipments of arms and move its Mediterranean Sea warships closer to Israel. While the UN Security Council called an emergency meeting to discuss the renewed violence, the members failed to come to a consensus statement. Given the history of brutality when Israel and Palestinian extremist groups have fought in the past, international groups quickly expressed concern for the safety of civilians in Israel and the Palestinian territories as well as those being held hostage by militants in Gaza. In the first two days of fighting, approximately 800 Israelis and 500 Palestinians were killed. Increasing loss of life is of primary concern in the conflict. While the United States did not immediately confirm reports that Iranian intelligence and security forces directly helped Hamas plan its October 7 attack, Iran has a well-established patronage relationship with Hamas and other extremist groups across the Middle East. In addition to worries that the attacks were a signal from Iran that it is prepared to escalate its malign influence in various Middle Eastern conflicts, experts have expressed concern that another extremist group with Iranian backing, Hezbollah, will be drawn into the war, thereby expanding the conflict beyond Israeli and Palestinian borders.

 On October 9, reports surfaced that the IDF was firing at targets within Lebanon, where Hezbollah is based. An Israeli statement on the matter did not clarify the purpose of the cross-boundary operation. A 2023 effort by the United States to help broker a normalization accord between Israel and Saudi Arabia was thrown into chaos by the October conflict. Saudi Arabia has long advocated for the rights and safety of Palestinian Arab populations in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza. Especially in Gaza, those populations are now in the path of IDF operations, jeopardizing the progress the Israelis and Saudis made toward common understanding. They had no way to know whether their loved ones were alive or dead. Emergency phone lines stopped ringing. Desperate paramedics tried to save people by driving toward the sound of explosions. Wounded people were left to die in the street. On Friday at sunset, three weeks into Israel’s bombing campaign in Gaza — and as Palestinians braced themselves for an impending Israeli ground invasion — the weak phone and internet service that had allowed some semblance of life to continue inside the blockaded enclave was suddenly severed. Two US officials said the United States believed Israel was responsible for the communications loss, speaking on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue. 

 UNWRA head warns that further breakdowns of civil order endanger agency's operations in Gaza UNITED NATIONS —

 The head of the U.N. agency for Palestinian refugees is warning that "an immediate humanitarian cease-fire has become a matter of life and death for millions," stressing that "the present and future of Palestinians and Israelis depend on it." Philippe Lazzarini warned during an emergency meeting of the U.N. Security Council Monday that a further breakdown of civil order, following the recent break-ins at the agency's warehouses by panicked Palestinians searching for food and other aid, will make it extremely difficult for the largest U.N. agency in Gaza to continue operating. He said in a virtual briefing that he is worried about a spillover of the conflict and urged all 193 U.N. member nations "to change the trajectory of this crisis." The commissioner-general of the agency known as UNRWA, also said 64 of its staff have been killed in just over three weeks — the latest only two hours prior when UNRWA's head of security in mid-Gaza was killed with his wife and eight children. Lazzarini said most Palestinians in Gaza "feel trapped in a war they have nothing to do with" and "they feel the world is equating all of them to Hamas." He stressed that the Oct. 7 Hamas atrocities in Israel don't absolve Israel from its obligations under international humanitarian law, starting with the protection of civilians.

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

NATIONALISM IN INDIA 

1. Name the writer of the novel ‘Anandamath.’ [CBSE Delhi 2017]

 Answer: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

 2. Explain the ‘Idea of Satyagraha’. OR What is meant by Satyagraha? [CBSE (AI) 2017] 

 Answer: The idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for the truth.

 3. What was Rowlatt Act How did the Indians show their disapproval towards this Act [CBSE March 2011] 

 Answer: Rowlatt Act was an oppressive act introduced by the British Government in 1919. It gave the Government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. Indian Disapproval

 * Mahatma Gandhi reacted sharply and decided to launch a non violent civil disobedience against such unjust law.

 * Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railways, workshops and shops closed down. 

 * Peaceful protest meeting were organised at Jallianwala Bagh-Amritsar. 

 4. Why did Mahatma Gandhi join Khilafat issue?

 Answer: Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to launch a more broad-based movement in India. But he was certain that no such movement could be organised without bringing the Hindus and Muslims closer together. One way of doing this, he felt, was to take up the Khilafat issue. 

 5. Name the famous book written by Mahatma Gandhi. [CBSE (AI) 2017]. 

 Answer: Famous book written by Mahatma Gandhi is ‘Hind Swaraj’. 

 6. What decision was made in Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920? 

 Answer: At the congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out and the Non-cooperation Movement was adopted. 

 7. Under which agreement the Indian ‘Depressed Classes’ got reserved seats in the Provincial and Central Legislative Councils in 1932? 

 Answer: Poona pact.

 8. What was Inland Emigration Act of 1859? 

 Answer: Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission and in fact, they were rarely given such permission. 

 9. Who formed Swaraj Party? 

 Answer: C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a return to council politics.

10. Who was Sir John Simon? 

 Answer: Sir John Simon came from England and sent by new Tory government of Britain and forced a statutory commission to look into functioning of the constitutional system in India. 

 11. What was the impact of the First World War on India [CBSE 2015] 

 Or

 Explain new economic and political situations created in India during the First World War. [CBSE 2008 (O)] 

 Or 

 What was the impact of the First World War on the economic conditions in India? [CBSE March 2011, 2013 (D)]

 Answer: The War created a new economic and political situation :

 (i) It led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes, customs duties were raised, and income tax introduced. 

 (ii) Through the war years, prices increased – doubling between 1913 and 1918 – leading to extreme hardships for the common people.

 (iii) Villagers were called upon to supply soldiers, and the forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger. 

 12. Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nation wide ‘Satyagraha’ against the proposed Rowlatt Act 1919 Explain any three reasons.

 Or 

 What was the Rowlatt Act How it affected the National Movement.

Answer: (i) Rowlatt Act was passed through the Imperial Legislative Council on a report of the Sedition Committee, headed by Justice Rowlatt. 

 (ii) It was the black act which gave the government and the police to repress political activities, and allowed detention of political prisoners without tried for two years.

 (iii) The Act was passed despite the united opposition of the Indian members of the Council. To defend the powers of Khalifa and to avert harsh peace treaty to be imposed on the Ottoman empire the Khilafat Committee was formed in 1919 in Bombay. 

 14. What were the factors responsible for the gradual slow down of the NonCooperation movement [CBSE 2008 (D), 2013 (D)] 

 Or 

 Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in the cities Give reasons. [CBSE March 2011, 2014, 21015 (D)] 

 Answer: (i) Expensive Khadi : The Khadi cloth was often more expensive than the mass- produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it.

 (ii) No alternative : The boycott of British institutions posed a problem. For the movement to be successful, alternative Indian institutions, had to be set up so that they could be used in place of the British institutions but these were slow to come up. So students and teachers had no option except joining back government schools, and lawyers joined back work in government courts. 

 (iii) Local movements with different interpretation: Workers, industrialists, peasants, traders had their own understanding, of Gandhiji’s notion of ‘Swaraj.’ They started using violent methods for their demands. All this was not approved by Gandhiji and the Congress. So the movement started losing its shine. 

 15. Why did the tribal people join the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Answer: Most of the tribal people were dependent on forests for their livelihood but under the new Forest Policy, the government had put several restrictions on the people: • Closing large forest area for the tribal people. • Forcing the local people to contribute begar. • Preventing people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits. All these steps enraged the hill people. Not only were their livelihoods affected, but they felt that their traditional rights were also being denied. So the people revolted. 

 16. Explain the circumstances under which Non-cooperation Movement was withdrawn. 

 Or 

 Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement withdrawn by Gandhiji in February 1922. Explain the reasons. [CBSE 2015 (D)] 

 Or 

 Explain the conditions of the plantation workers during the colonial rule in India. [CBSE 2012] 

 Answer: In February 1922, Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement due to the following reasons- 

 (i) The movement was turning violent. At Chauri-Chaura in Gorakhpur, a peaceful demonstration in a bazar turned into a violent clash in which more than 20 policemen were killed. 

 (ii) Gandhiji felt that the Satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggle. 

 (iii) Within the Congress, some leaders were tired of mass struggles and wanted to participate This Act became one of the factors due to which Gandhiji launched Non-Cooperation Movement. 

 17. Explain the role of Ambedkar in uplifting the dalits or the depressed classes. [CBSE March 2011] 

Answer: (i) Dr Bhim Rao Ambedkar was of the opinion that only political empowerment would resolve their problems of social injustice. 

(ii) Due to his efforts, Dalits began organising themselves, demanding reserved seats in educational institutions and separate electorate that would choose the dalit members for legislative councils. 

(iii) In 1930, Ambedkar entered national politics. In the same year, he organised the Depressed Classes Association to make them politically more strong. 

(iv) He was nominated as a delegate of the oppressed classes for the Second Round Table Conference. In that Round Table Conference, he clashed with Mahatma Gandhi by demanding separate electorates for dalits. 

(v) He demanded a separate electorates for dalits. To give them political power he signed Poona Pact. The Poona Pact gave the depressed classes reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils.

The First World War ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. There were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor, the spiritual head of the Islam world. The Sultan was deprived of real authority even over those territories which were left under his control. This angered the Muslims in India.