1. Name the writer of the novel ‘Anandamath.’ [CBSE Delhi 2017]
Answer: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
2. Explain the ‘Idea of Satyagraha’.
OR
What is meant by Satyagraha? [CBSE (AI) 2017]
Answer: The idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for the
truth.
3. What was Rowlatt Act How did the Indians show their disapproval towards this Act [CBSE
March 2011]
Answer: Rowlatt Act was an oppressive act introduced by the British Government in 1919. It
gave the Government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed detention
of political prisoners without trial for two years.
Indian Disapproval
* Mahatma Gandhi reacted sharply and decided to launch a non violent civil disobedience
against such unjust law.
* Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railways, workshops and
shops closed down.
* Peaceful protest meeting were organised at Jallianwala Bagh-Amritsar.
4. Why did Mahatma Gandhi join Khilafat issue?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to launch a more broad-based movement in India.
But he was certain that no such movement could be organised without bringing the Hindus and
Muslims closer together. One way of doing this, he felt, was to take up the Khilafat issue.
5. Name the famous book written by Mahatma Gandhi. [CBSE (AI) 2017].
Answer: Famous book written by Mahatma Gandhi is ‘Hind Swaraj’.
6. What decision was made in Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920?
Answer: At the congress session at Nagpur in December 1920, a compromise was worked out
and the Non-cooperation Movement was adopted.
7. Under which agreement the Indian ‘Depressed Classes’ got reserved seats in the Provincial
and Central Legislative Councils in 1932?
Answer: Poona pact.
8. What was Inland Emigration Act of 1859?
Answer: Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission and in fact, they were rarely given such permission.
9. Who formed Swaraj Party?
Answer: C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress to argue for a
return to council politics.
10. Who was Sir John Simon?
Answer: Sir John Simon came from England and sent by new Tory government of Britain and
forced a statutory commission to look into functioning of the constitutional system in India.
11. What was the impact of the First World War on India [CBSE 2015]
Or
Explain new economic and political situations created in India during the First World War. [CBSE
2008 (O)]
Or
What was the impact of the First World War on the economic conditions in India? [CBSE March
2011, 2013 (D)]
Answer: The War created a new economic and political situation :
(i) It led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans and
increasing taxes, customs duties were raised, and income tax introduced.
(ii) Through the war years, prices increased – doubling between 1913 and 1918 – leading to
extreme hardships for the common people.
(iii) Villagers were called upon to supply soldiers, and the forced recruitment in rural areas
caused widespread anger.
12. Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nation wide ‘Satyagraha’ against the proposed Rowlatt
Act 1919 Explain any three reasons.
Or
What was the Rowlatt Act How it affected the National Movement.
Answer:
(i) Rowlatt Act was passed through the Imperial Legislative Council on a report of the Sedition
Committee, headed by Justice Rowlatt.
(ii) It was the black act which gave the government and the police to repress political activities,
and allowed detention of political prisoners without tried for two years.
(iii) The Act was passed despite the united opposition of the Indian members of the Council.
To defend the powers of Khalifa and to avert harsh peace treaty to be imposed on the
Ottoman empire the Khilafat Committee was formed in 1919 in Bombay.
14. What were the factors responsible for the gradual slow down of the NonCooperation
movement [CBSE 2008 (D), 2013 (D)]
Or
Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in the cities Give reasons. [CBSE
March 2011, 2014, 21015 (D)]
Answer: (i) Expensive Khadi : The Khadi cloth was often more expensive than the mass-
produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it.
(ii) No alternative : The boycott of British institutions posed a problem. For the movement to be
successful, alternative Indian institutions, had to be set up so that they could be used in place
of the British institutions but these were slow to come up. So students and teachers had no
option except joining back government schools, and lawyers joined back work in government
courts.
(iii) Local movements with different interpretation: Workers, industrialists, peasants, traders
had their own understanding, of Gandhiji’s notion of ‘Swaraj.’ They started using violent
methods for their demands. All this was not approved by Gandhiji and the Congress. So the
movement started losing its shine.
15. Why did the tribal people join the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer: Most of the tribal people were dependent on forests for their livelihood but under the
new Forest Policy, the government had put several restrictions on the people:
• Closing large forest area for the tribal people.
• Forcing the local people to contribute begar.
• Preventing people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and
fruits.
All these steps enraged the hill people. Not only were their livelihoods affected, but they felt
that their traditional rights were also being denied. So the people revolted.
16. Explain the circumstances under which Non-cooperation Movement was withdrawn.
Or
Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement withdrawn by Gandhiji in February 1922. Explain the
reasons. [CBSE 2015 (D)]
Or
Explain the conditions of the plantation workers during the colonial rule in India. [CBSE 2012]
Answer: In February 1922, Gandhiji decided to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement due to
the following reasons-
(i) The movement was turning violent. At Chauri-Chaura in Gorakhpur, a peaceful demonstration
in a bazar turned into a violent clash in which more than 20 policemen were killed.
(ii) Gandhiji felt that the Satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready
for mass struggle.
(iii) Within the Congress, some leaders were tired of mass struggles and wanted to participate
This Act became one of the factors due to which Gandhiji launched Non-Cooperation
Movement.
17. Explain the role of Ambedkar in uplifting the dalits or the depressed classes. [CBSE March
2011]
Answer: (i) Dr Bhim Rao Ambedkar was of the opinion that only political empowerment would
resolve their problems of social injustice.
(ii) Due to his efforts, Dalits began organising themselves, demanding reserved seats in
educational institutions and separate electorate that would choose the dalit members for
legislative councils.
(iii) In 1930, Ambedkar entered national politics. In the same year, he organised the Depressed
Classes Association to make them politically more strong.
(iv) He was nominated as a delegate of the oppressed classes for the Second Round Table
Conference. In that Round Table Conference, he clashed with Mahatma Gandhi by demanding
separate electorates for dalits.
(v) He demanded a separate electorates for dalits. To give them political power he signed
Poona Pact. The Poona Pact gave the depressed classes reserved seats in provincial and
central legislative councils.
The First World War ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. There were rumours that a harsh
peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor, the spiritual head of the Islam
world. The Sultan was deprived of real authority even over those territories which were left
under his control. This angered the Muslims in India.
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